Harrier AV8b landing on a carrier
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The Harrier was developed by Hawker as a private venture in the UK during the 1950s and 60s. Early experiments with a vectoring jet engine mounted to a wingless metal frame known as the flying bedstead proved the feasibility of engine borne controlled flight. Furthur development work with the Kestrel aircraft eventually led to the Harrier.
The Hawker Siddeley Harrier was eventually to become the first operational V/STOL (vertical/short take off & landing) fixed wing combat aircraft in the world.
First vertical take off a prototype that was to become the Harrier was achieved in October 1960 and nearly a year later flight transition from hovering to forward wing borne flight was achieved.
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The brilliance of the design was made very clear during the 1982 Falkland conflict where both navy sea Harriers and RAF Harriers were heavily used against the Argentinian forces both air and ground. A very high air to air success rate was achieved by the relatively slow Harrier against super sonic adversaries like the excellent French designed Mirage.
This was real hard earned success for the British Harriers and their pilots against highly trained and competent Argentinian fighter pilots in fine aircraft.
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Sea Harrier taken at Cottesmore
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Harrier in flight
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The US forces have been operating their own version of the Harrier for some years. Known as the AV8 it performs an important role in the US Marine Corp. The first of these aircraft in US service were Harrier AV8A machines, these were delivered in 1971.
Furthur development has been made by both Hawker Siddeley (British Aerospace) and McDonnel Douglas. Uprated AV8B aircraft with increased power and load capability entering service.
The VSTOL ability of the harrier has always given a significant tactical advantage to the force that operates the aircraft. The ability to fly off roads, forest clearings, small carriers and ships without the need for a long hard surfaced (easily knocked out) runway offers huge benefits. It also allows the aircraft to operate close behind the lines.
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